Mw Transmission Basics

nuke Transmission basics nuke Transmission bedrock Table of Contents MW Advantages MW frequency bands MW Link elements antenna radioactivity specimen MW Alarms cook Transmission fundamentals Features Advantages ? Rapid Deployment A microwave amour tush be installed in as little as bingle day No right-of-way issues Radio spans all obstacles such as roads, railways, etcetera , avoiding any requirement to seek permissions that inevitably are costly and unveil time delays. Flexibility The capacity of a microwave nexus can be easily increased at minimal or heretofore no cost.Radios can also be redeployed if network needs compound or as a result of customer churn. Losing customers does not flirt with assets are lost like in the case of fiber build. ? ? zap Transmission rudiments Features Advantages Easily crosses city ter rainfall In many another(prenominal) metropolitan and city authorities, street digging to install fiber is either passing restricted, pro hibitively expensive or is even banned outright. Operator-owned infrastructure no reliance on competitors. Low start-up capital costs, which are independent of the conjoin distance.Minimal recurring opeproportionnal costs. Radio infrastructure already exists for many networks in the form of rooftops, cellular masts and existing radio transmission towers. Microwave radio is not susceptible to common catastrophic failure of overseas telegram systems ca utilize by cable cuts, and can be repaired in minutes sort of of hours or days. Limitations Transmission Capacity Limits (i. e. PDH, STM-1) Competitive Transmission Media Optical character (i. e. STM-1 up to STM-N) Microwave Transmission Basics Common M/W Frequency Bands According to ITU-R recommendations ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 7 gigacycle per second 8 GHz 11 GHz 13 GHz 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz 28 GHz 38 GHz assembly line Hop distance is depending on frequency. High frequency coincides with shorter transmission record hop distance. Sy stems on 23 38 GHz are prone to rain attenuation. Microwave Transmission Basics M/W Channel administration Lower Band F0 Upper Band F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 RF channel collection acc. ITU-R Microwave Transmission Basics Table of Contents M/W Link Elements? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? IDU ODU forward pass Functions Specifications Types Pressurization EquipmentsMicrowave Transmission Basics Elements of a MW link Antenna ODU Free Space Antenna ODU IDU IF Cable IF Cable IDU Microwave Transmission Basics Spur Link (Low Capacity Link) 7 38GHz Systems, generally used for PDH Spur Links Outdoor Unit (ODU, consists of RF-transmitter and antenna) IF-interconnection cable indoor(prenominal) Unit (IDU) ? ? ? ? IDU Functions Multiplexing /Demulteplexing of Tributaries. Modulation/Demodulation with the Carrier. IF conversion. Microwave Transmission Basics IDU satiate plot post Supply 155MbpsMain Channel MUX/ DEMUX Modulator IF Card Cable Combi-ner 2 Mbps Wayside Channel 64 Kbps User Chann el Demodulator blabber Cable NMS/Ethernet External Alarms IDU Controller Microwave Transmission Basics ODU BLOCK DIAGRAM Power Supply AGC Voltage Reading 350MHz TX Converter 3-4GHz prate Cable AGC Cable Combiner X Band Synthesizer RX Converter Trans pass catcher Converter Amplifier 140 MHz 3-4GHz IDU Controller Microwave Transmission Basics ? Antenna Functions Works as an amplifier to overcome the fade margin and nurse desired AGC levels.Antennas Wire carrying HF Current is surrounded by voltaic and Magnetic Fields Voltage Standing Wave shaft 2 Microwave Transmission Basics ? Antennas Voltage Standing Wave irradiation Microwave Transmission Main Specification Basics Antenna Radiation Pattern Omni Antenna Lobe Point-to-Multipoint Directional Antenna Lobe Point-to-Point Microwave Transmission Basics Antenna Gain Directive Gain ? Power Density radiated by antenna ? Power Density Radiated by Isotropic Antenna ? ? ? * Power Density measured at same distance * Both Antenna radia te radiate the same total power Band width &8212 Operating Frequency bands &8212 Possible to tune antenna for slightly different frequency arena while retaining the same characteristics VSWR Is the Guaranteed peak Voltage Standing wave ratio within the operating band Microwave Transmission Basics Antenna Specifications Gain Stated in dBi( Decibels over an isotropic radiator). Primirarly a function of antenna size ? Front to back Ratio In dB. Denotes highest radiation relative to main beam at 180+/-40 degree across the band. ? Half Power Beam Width Nominal total width of the main beam at -3dB points ?Polarization Can be angiotensin converting enzyme or dual polarised ? ? ? Isolation For Dual polarised antennas. Refers to isolation between each(prenominal) polarised beam Microwave Transmission Basics Antenna Polarization ? devil main Types of Polarization ? Vertical Polarization ? naiant Polarization Microwave Transmission Basics Antenna Polarization Vertical Polarization Horiz ontal Polarization Gridpak Low Back Lobe Focal Plane High public presentation Dual Beam Angle Diversity Microwave Transmission Basics Antenna Feeder Types Air Dielectric Antenna Cables require Pressurization when used outdoors