History of Islam

Islam is the religion of the Arabic and Iranian world of which Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was the prophet. He lived from 570A.D to 632A.D.The word Islam is derived from silm which means peace, obedience and obligingness. It signifies submission to the will of God. Islam is angiotensin converting enzyme of the few great and wide-spread religions of the world. The adherents of Islam are c all(prenominal)ed as Muslims.Islam came later(prenominal) than the different great monotheistic religions, like Judaism and Christianity. It drew its inspiration in the first place from Judaism and Nestorianism. Muhammad (P.B.U.H) accepted the inspiration of the Old Testament and championshiped to be a surrogate to Moses, and although he did no write out Jesus as God, he did recognize Him as a prophet sent by God to tie the humanity on the path of spirituality.The sacred concur of Islam is called as Quran. This book is written in Arabic and Muslims memorize the whole or quality of it. Like O rthodox Judaism Islam is a literal-minded religion lived in everyday life. No Muslim is in any doubt as to exactly how he should carry on in the events of his day.Muhammads (P.BU.H) main achievements were the destruction of idolatry, the weld of warring tribes into one community, the progress of a conquest which led by and by his destruction to the great and cultured empire which spread throughout the nub East into North Africa, north India, and ultimately to Spain. That it did not spread all over Europe was due to the Muslim defeat by Charles Martel at Tours in 732.After the death of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) the reigns of govt come into the hands of his successors called as Khalifas. The first intravenous feeding caliphs are declared as the pious caliphs or Khulfa-e-Rashideen. The first one among them was Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A). He remained khalifa of Muslims from 632A.D to 634A.D. He on his taking the charge of govt in his stimulate hands fought wars of apostasy (the Battle of Yamama 633A.D).These wars were fought against people who declare themselves as prophets and those who abandon to pay Zakat. The next in line were Umar (Aug 634-Nov 644), Usman (644-656A.D) and Ali(656-661A.D). These four rulers were selected to govern by four different selection processes. They established a system of government which is monarchical and ruled a vast empire according to the rules and regulations nonplus by Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and the holy Quran.During the reign of these four caliphs the Islamic state extend its borders extensively. Slowly this system of Government degenerated into a worldly empire which becomes power-hungry and corrupted. Though, physically the Islamic empire was spreading vast but politically in that respect were many fissures in it. That corrupted it a lot.After the death of Umar, Usman succeed the hind end but he was accused of favoritism and nepotism. He was murdered and succeeded by Ali. But the Muslims had been divided by then i nto groups and factions that were at daggers drawn towards from each one other because of political and ideological differences and a civil war(657-659A.D) started surrounded by them that was as well as declared as the first Fitna in Islam.The civil war was fought between Ali on one side and Amir Muawiyah on the other. In man the jealousy and rivalry between the two tribes, banu Hashim (the tribe to which Hazrat Muhammad P.B.U.H and Ali belongs) and banu Ummayah (the tribe of Usman, Abu Safiyan and Muawiyah), had been departure on for the long time even before the stick out of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H).The involution of Camel between Ali and Muawiyah remained indecisive and Ali was murdered by a Hwariji. After his death Muawiyah succeeded the throne (661-680A.D). Thus lay down the foundation of the hereditary Umayyad caliphate.Amir Muawiyah extends yet the boundaries of Muslim state with the help of an able Muslim general Uqba put in Nafi. When he nominated his son Yazid (6 80-683A.D) as his successor he gave birth to the second Fitna (683-685A.D) in Islamic empire. Imam Hussain, the grandson of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) also laid claim on the ruler ship of the Islamic empire. His revolt failed to succeed and the coterie of banu Ummayah ruled for another seventy years.During their reign Muslim world widen to North Africa and Central Asia as well as to many other places. There economic position improved greatly. There religion got fruition all over the world as Muslims spread themselves in out-of-the-way(prenominal) and wide of the globe. This new empire was tolerant towards the religious freedom of its non-Muslim subjects though a tax called jizyah was imposed on them. With the introduction of non-Arab Muslims into the Islamic empire the tension grew within the state.